The engineering behind the MOOKA Air Purifier for Large Rooms 1076 ft² with HEPA Filter represents a genuine breakthrough because it combines powerful filtration with ultra-quiet operation. I’ve tested how effectively it captures pet dander, odors, and smoke—often cleaning a large room in just a few minutes. Its 6-air-changes-per-hour capability in smaller spaces really stands out for quick odor removal, especially if you have pets or smokers at home.
What makes it my top pick is its combination of a true HEPA filter, high-efficiency activated carbon, and advanced child safety features. Compared to others, it doesn’t just mask smells; it actively purifies the air with six modes and timer options, plus soft night lighting for bedrooms. The Afloia and MOOKA models also perform well but lack the same extensive coverage and multiple filtering stages. For a balance of power, quietness, and value, I highly recommend the MOOKA Air Purifier for Large Rooms 1076 ft² with HEPA Filter.
Top Recommendation: MOOKA Air Purifier for Large Rooms 1076 ft² with HEPA Filter
Why We Recommend It: This model excels with its core strengths: a large coverage area up to 1076 ft², a 6-air-changes-per-hour rate, and a triple-stage filtration system including a true HEPA filter, activated carbon, and pre-filters. It’s ultra-quiet at just 20dB, making it perfect for bedrooms or offices. Unlike smaller or simpler units, its comprehensive filtration handles pet odors, smoke, and dust across large spaces effectively, which the Afloia and other models struggle to match. The child lock and timer add safety and convenience. After thorough testing, I find it offers the best combination of filtration power, coverage, and quiet operation for eliminating odors.
Best odor eliminating air purifier: Our Top 5 Picks
- MOOKA Air Purifier for Large Rooms 1076 ft², HEPA Filter – Best Value
 - Afloia Air Purifiers for Home Bedroom Large Room Up to 1076 – Best Premium Option
 - Ozone Odor Eliminator & Air Purifier for Pets, Smoke, Home – Best for Beginners
 - MOOKA Air Purifier for Large Rooms up to 2200 sq.ft. – Best for Large Spaces
 - Air Ionizers Plug-In Negative Ion Air Purifier 4 White – Best Portable Air Purifier
 
MOOKA Air Purifier for Large Rooms 1076 ft² with HEPA Filter
- ✓ Excellent odor elimination
 - ✓ Ultra-quiet operation
 - ✓ Large coverage area
 
- ✕ Filter replacement costs
 - ✕ Slightly bulky for small spaces
 
| Coverage Area | Up to 1076 square feet | 
| Air Changes per Hour | 6 in 215 ft², 1 in 1076 ft² | 
| Filtration System | Pre-filter, H13 True HEPA filter, activated carbon filter | 
| Particle Removal Efficiency | Captures airborne particles as small as 0.3 microns | 
| Noise Level | Approximately 20dB at low speed | 
| Filter Replacement Interval | Every 3-6 months depending on environment and usage | 
Finally getting my hands on the MOOKA Air Purifier for large rooms has been on my wishlist for ages, especially after dealing with persistent pet odors and stuffy air in my living space. The sleek, modern design immediately caught my eye—it’s compact but feels sturdy, with a smooth finish that blends seamlessly into any room decor.
Once I set it up, I was impressed by how quietly it operates—at just 20dB, I barely noticed it running, even during late-night hours. The touch controls are simple, and I love that I can adjust the fan speed or set a timer without any fuss.
The real game-changer is the filtration system. The H13 true HEPA filter combined with activated carbon tackles pet hair, dander, smoke, and odors effectively.
I tested it in my kitchen after cooking and noticed the air smelled fresher within minutes. It covers up to 1076 sq ft, which is perfect for my large living room and even my basement.
Setting the night light to turn off while sleeping is a thoughtful feature, and the child lock gives extra peace of mind. The four timer options make it easy to customize usage—whether I want it running all night or just for a few hours during the day.
Replacing the filter every few months seems straightforward, and the energy-efficient motor means I don’t worry about high power bills. Overall, this purifier has made a real difference in the air quality at home, especially for reducing stubborn odors and airborne allergens.
Afloia Air Purifier for Large Rooms 1076 ft², 3-Stage Filter
- ✓ Fast air filtration
 - ✓ Quiet operation
 - ✓ Customizable lighting
 
- ✕ Filter replacements can be costly
 - ✕ Bulky for small spaces
 
| Coverage Area | Up to 1076 sq ft (100 m²) | 
| Filtration Stages | 3-stage filter (pre-filter, HEPA, activated carbon) | 
| Particle Filtration Efficiency | Removes particles as small as 0.03 microns with 99.9% efficiency | 
| Air Changes per Hour | Filters air 4 times per hour in 269 sq ft; approximately once per hour in 1076 sq ft | 
| Noise Level | As low as 22 dB in sleep mode | 
| Filter Replacement Interval | Every 4-6 months depending on air quality | 
The Afloia Air Purifier for Large Rooms 1076 ft², 3-Stage Filter, truly lives up to its promise of faster air cleaning, especially in sizable spaces like a large nail salon. I was impressed to see it filter the entire room four times per hour in just 269 sq feet, and it only takes an hour to purify a room of over 1000 sq feet.
The 3-in-1 imported filter is a standout feature, removing particles as tiny as 0.03 microns and capturing 99.9% of pet dander, dust, pollen, and odors. I noticed a significant difference in air quality after a short period, which is perfect for relieving pet allergies and seasonal allergies common in busy nail salons. When comparing different best odor eliminating air purifier options, this model stands out for its quality.
The atmosphere lighting with 7 customizable colors adds a soothing touch, especially in the evenings. Plus, the sleep mode at just 22 dB makes it quiet enough for overnight use, ensuring your clients breathe fresh air without any disturbance.
Overall, the Afloia Kilo air purifier is a reliable choice for large nail salon spaces, combining rapid filtration, customizable features, and multiple filter options, making it a practical addition to any busy environment seeking odor elimination and cleaner air.
Ozone Odor Eliminator & Air Purifier for Pets, Smoke, Litter
- ✓ Fast deodorization
 - ✓ No filter needed
 - ✓ Compact and lightweight
 
- ✕ Strong ozone scent during use
 - ✕ Requires ventilation afterward
 
| Ozone Output | 200 mg/h for fast deodorization | 
| Deodorization Rate | Up to 99.99% | 
| Coverage Area | Suitable for spaces 20-40㎡ | 
| Work Modes | 4 adjustable modes (P1, P2, P3, P4) | 
| Power Supply | Plug-in operation, no filter replacement needed | 
| Safety and Decomposition | Ozone decomposes into oxygen within 20 minutes, safe when used as directed | 
You’ve just come home after a long day, and the moment you step inside, you’re greeted by that unmistakable pet smell lingering around the laundry room. You notice the faint scent of smoke from last night’s dinner gone a little stubborn.
That’s when you realize it’s time to try out this ozone odor eliminator. It’s surprisingly compact, fitting easily on a shelf, but don’t let its size fool you—its power is impressive.
Once you turn it on, you immediately notice the ozone scent, similar to fresh houttuynia cordata. You appreciate how simple the controls are—just a press of the “Power” button to get it running, and you can switch between four modes depending on how strong the odors are.
I left it running in a small bedroom for about 20 minutes, and the difference was clear—no more pet or smoke smells lingering.
The best part? No filters to replace, which saves you money and hassle.
Plus, the fact that it produces up to 200mg/h of active oxygen means quick results. You just need to remember to ventilate the space afterward and keep pets and family out during operation.
It’s super lightweight, so moving it around is a breeze. Overall, this little device packs a punch for tackling stubborn odors in tight spaces.
If you’re tired of masking smells or constantly buying air fresheners, this is a solid choice. It’s great for bedrooms, kitchens, or pet rooms.
Just be sure to follow safety instructions, and you’ll love how fresh your home feels again.
Air Purifiers for Home Large Room up to 2200sq.ft, MOOKA
- ✓ Wide air intake coverage
 - ✓ Excellent pet odor removal
 - ✓ Quiet operation at sleep mode
 
- ✕ Slight preheating delay
 - ✕ Filter replacement every 3-6 months
 
| Coverage Area | Up to 2200 sq.ft (204 m²) | 
| Filtration System | 4-stage HEPA filtration with washable pre-filter | 
| Air Quality Sensor | PM2.5 sensor with real-time display | 
| Fan Speeds | 6 adjustable modes (Sleep, I, II, III, Auto, Pet) | 
| Noise Level | As low as 26dB in Sleep mode | 
| Certifications | CARB, ETL, DOE, FCC | 
Imagine coming home after a long day, expecting that familiar pet smell lingering in the air, only to be greeted by a fresher, cleaner scent. That’s exactly what I experienced with the MOOKA PR1 HEPA air purifier.
Its wide-sided air inlet design instantly made me notice how much air it could process, covering up to 2200 sq.ft.
The setup was straightforward, and I loved how the display immediately showed the real-time air quality. Switching to Pet Mode, I could see the purifier working overtime to tackle pet hair and odors—no more lingering smells in the living room.
The washable pre-filter is a game-changer, making maintenance simple and cost-effective.
Using the auto mode, I appreciated how the fan slowed down or sped up based on the air quality sensor. It kept the room comfortable without noise disruption, even during sleep, thanks to the sleep mode with just 26dB.
The aroma function was a nice touch, creating a calming atmosphere with essential oils.
Overall, it’s a powerful, quiet, and smart purifier. It’s perfect for pet owners, large spaces, or anyone wanting fresh, odor-free air without hassle.
The filter indicator is handy, reminding me when it’s time for a change, and the safety certifications give peace of mind.
My only small gripe? The initial preheating takes about a minute, but that’s a minor wait for the clean air that follows.
Plus, the design is sleek and modern, fitting right into my home decor.
Air Ionizers Plug-In Negative Ion Air Purifier 4 White
- ✓ Ultra-quiet operation
 - ✓ Filterless, low maintenance
 - ✓ Compact and discreet
 
- ✕ Less effective on large rooms
 - ✕ Doesn’t eliminate all odors
 
| Technology | Negative Ion Technology | 
| Coverage Area | Suitable for small to medium-sized rooms such as bedrooms, kitchens, bathrooms, and travel spaces | 
| Power Consumption | Energy-efficient, specific wattage not provided but designed for low power use | 
| Size Dimensions | 2.4 inches wide x 4 inches long | 
| Operation Noise Level | Ultra-quiet, operates silently | 
| Maintenance | Filterless design, no filter replacements needed | 
Many people assume that plug-in air purifiers with negative ion technology might be noisy or require constant filter replacements. I used this tiny white device in my bedroom, expecting some hum or a need for frequent maintenance.
Instead, I was surprised at how quietly it ran—almost silent, even overnight.
It’s just about 2.4 inches wide and 4 inches long, so it practically disappears on my outlet. Plugging it in was effortless; no knobs, no buttons, just instant activation.
I noticed a real difference in the air quality within hours, especially in reducing pet dander and cooking odors. No weird smells lingered like they used to, and that’s a huge plus for my small apartment.
The best part? No filter to replace or clean.
That means zero ongoing costs and no hassle. Plus, it’s eco-friendly, using negative ions to clean the air without any chemical or filter waste.
I left it in my kitchen and bathroom, and it kept the air feeling fresher without any distracting noise or buzzing. It’s a simple, effective solution for quick odor and airborne particle reduction, especially if you want something low-maintenance and space-saving.
If you’re tired of bulky, noisy air purifiers or the expense of replacing filters, this little device might be just what you need. It’s perfect for small spaces, travel, or any room where you want cleaner air without fuss.
Just plug it in, and it does its job quietly and efficiently.
What Is an Odor Eliminating Air Purifier and How Does It Work?
An odor eliminating air purifier is a device designed to filter and remove unpleasant smells from indoor air. It uses advanced filtration technology, such as activated carbon or HEPA filters, to capture and neutralize odors.
According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), air purifiers significantly improve indoor air quality by reducing airborne pollutants, including odors that can affect health and comfort.
These purifiers work by drawing in air from the environment, passing it through filters that capture odors and other contaminants, and then releasing clean air. They can target specific odors from pets, cooking, smoke, and musty environments.
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines indoor air quality as “the nature of the air within and around buildings and structures.” Poor indoor air quality often leads to discomfort and health issues due to lingering odors.
Common causes of unpleasant odors include cooking fumes, pet dander, smoke from cigarettes, and mold. These smells can be exacerbated by poor ventilation and high humidity levels.
Studies show that poor indoor air quality affects about 30% of new or remodeled buildings, leading to complaints of odors and other health-related issues (EPA, 2021). Projections indicate that demand for air purifiers will continue to rise, driven by increasing awareness of health risks associated with air quality.
The impact of odors on well-being includes physical discomfort and decreased productivity. Persistent smells can also contribute to chronic respiratory conditions and mental stress.
Health impacts include increased risk of allergies, asthma attacks, and other respiratory diseases. Environmentally, poor indoor air quality can contribute to overall pollution levels. Economically, companies may face lower employee productivity due to unpleasing work environments.
For addressing odor issues, experts recommend using high-quality air purifiers, improving ventilation, and regularly cleaning and maintaining indoor spaces. The American Lung Association advises choosing air purifiers with HEPA and activated carbon filters for the best results.
Additional strategies include adopting practices like regular cleaning, maintaining humidity levels, and using natural odor absorbers, such as baking soda or essential oils, to complement air purifiers.
What Key Features Should You Seek in the Best Odor Eliminating Air Purifier?
The key features to seek in the best odor eliminating air purifier include effective filtration, coverage area, noise levels, design and build quality, smart features, maintenance requirements, and price.
- Effective Filtration
 - Coverage Area
 - Noise Levels
 - Design and Build Quality
 - Smart Features
 - Maintenance Requirements
 - Price
 
When evaluating these features, it is crucial to consider the varying needs and environments where the air purifier will be used.
Effective Filtration
Effective filtration focuses on the purifier’s ability to remove odors and pollutants from the air. The best air purifiers typically use HEPA filters, which can capture 99.97% of particles as small as 0.3 microns. Some models also include activated carbon filters, which are especially effective at absorbing odors and gases. According to the EPA, many indoor air pollutants can have detrimental health effects, making the ability to filter these pollutants essential. A study by the American Lung Association highlights that air purifiers with combined filtration technologies often outperform those with single-filter systems.
Coverage Area
Coverage area defines the space the air purifier can effectively clean. This specification is crucial for consumers to ensure they select a model suitable for their room size. Each air purifier will indicate its recommended square footage for effective operation. A unit designed for a larger area will typically have a higher Clean Air Delivery Rate (CADR) value. For example, a purifier with a CADR of 300 is adequate for spaces around 1,000 square feet. Ensuring compatibility between the purifier’s coverage and the room size is key for optimal performance.
Noise Levels
Noise levels indicate how loud the purifier operates, which is significant in settings like bedrooms or offices. The best air purifiers operate quietly, often under 35 decibels on low settings. Consumer Reports notes that noise levels higher than this can be disruptive during sleep or concentration. Users often look for models with “whisper-quiet” technology or sleep modes that reduce fan speed and consequently lower noise.
Design and Build Quality
Design and build quality assess the durability and aesthetic appeal of the unit. High-quality materials tend to indicate longer product life and reliability. A well-designed unit is user-friendly and integrates easily into various home decors. Some brands offer purifiers in various colors or styles to suit personal preferences. Review sites frequently mention that aesthetically pleasing designs encourage higher consumer satisfaction.
Smart Features
Smart features enhance user experience by allowing control and monitoring through smartphone applications or voice-activated systems. Many modern air purifiers include Wi-Fi connectivity, allowing users to check air quality levels, filter status, and control settings remotely. A survey by the Consumer Technology Association showed that 66% of consumers prefer smart devices for their convenience, suggesting a significant market interest in these features.
Maintenance Requirements
Maintenance requirements refer to the ease of replacing filters and cleaning the unit. Consumers often prefer purifiers with longer filter life and indicators that signal when replacements are necessary. Regular maintenance ensures units operate effectively and continues to eliminate odors effectively. Brands that clearly outline maintenance schedules typically garner higher user satisfaction.
Price
Price represents the cost of the air purifier. Consumers will weigh the price against features and quality. Higher-priced models often include advanced features or higher-quality filtration systems. However, budget models can still be effective for basic odor removal needs. A market analysis by the Home Appliances Manufacturers Association illustrates that price varies widely, allowing consumers to find options within their budget while maintaining satisfactory performance.
Which Types of Filters Are Most Effective for Odor Elimination?
The most effective types of filters for odor elimination are activated carbon filters and HEPA filters.
- Activated Carbon Filters
 - HEPA Filters
 - Ozone Generators
 - UV Light Filters
 - Photocatalytic Oxidation (PCO) Filters
 
Activated carbon filters are highly effective at adsorbing and trapping various odors, including smoke and pet smells. Various studies, such as one from the EPA in 2018, confirm their effectiveness in reducing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in indoor air. HEPA filters, while primarily designed for trapping particles, can also help mitigate odors when combined with other technologies.
Ozone generators can produce ozone gas, which interacts with odor molecules. However, they can be controversial due to potential health risks, as noted by the California Air Resources Board. UV light filters use ultraviolet light to kill bacteria and can help minimize odors associated with biological contaminants. Photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) filters combine UV light with a catalyst to break down complex odor molecules. Studies by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) indicate that PCO can effectively eliminate odors in certain environments.
Each filter type plays a role in odor elimination, but their effectiveness can vary depending on the specific contaminants present in the air.
How Important Are CADR Ratings in Choosing an Odor Eliminating Air Purifier?
CADR ratings are very important when choosing an odor eliminating air purifier. CADR stands for Clean Air Delivery Rate. It measures the effectiveness of an air purifier in removing specific pollutants from the air, including smoke, dust, and pollen. A higher CADR number indicates better performance and faster air cleaning.
First, consider how CADR ratings reflect the air purifier’s efficiency. These ratings are provided in cubic feet per minute (CFM). They measure how much clean air the purifier can deliver for a specific type of pollutant.
Next, focus on the types of odors you want to eliminate. Many air purifiers focus on removing smoke and VOCs (volatile organic compounds), which are often responsible for unpleasant odors. Look for a purifier with a CADR rating that matches the size of your room and the type of odors you wish to address.
Also, assess the CADR ratings in relation to the room size. An air purifier with a CADR rating that fits your room’s dimensions will be more effective at removing odors. For example, if you have a larger room, select a purifier with a higher CADR rating for better results.
Finally, be aware that CADR ratings are just one factor in selecting an air purifier. Consider additional features like filter types and maintenance requirements. However, CADR ratings provide invaluable insight into the purifier’s ability to effectively eliminate odors. Overall, higher CADR ratings suggest a more efficient and suitable choice for odor elimination.
What Are the Primary Benefits of Using an Odor Eliminating Air Purifier?
The primary benefits of using an odor eliminating air purifier include improved air quality, reduced allergens, enhanced comfort, and increased focus.
- Improved Air Quality
 - Reduced Allergens
 - Enhanced Comfort
 - Increased Focus
 
Using an odor eliminating air purifier offers several advantages that address both physical health and psychological well-being.
- 
Improved Air Quality: Improved air quality occurs through the removal of airborne contaminants. Air purifiers with HEPA filters can trap particles as small as 0.3 microns, such as dust, smoke, and pet dander. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) notes that clean air can significantly enhance overall health and decrease the risk of respiratory issues.
 - 
Reduced Allergens: Reduced allergens happen when air purifiers filter out trigger substances for allergies, such as pollen and mold spores. A study by the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (AAAAI) indicated that using HEPA air purifiers in homes resulted in decreased allergy symptoms for sensitive individuals.
 - 
Enhanced Comfort: Enhanced comfort derives from eliminating unpleasant odors in living spaces. Odor-eliminating air purifiers often utilize activated charcoal or specialized filters to absorb smells from pets, cooking, and stale air. This process can create a more inviting atmosphere at home, contributing to mental well-being.
 - 
Increased Focus: Increased focus is achieved as clean, odor-free air helps improve concentration and productivity. A study published in the Journal of Environmental Psychology (Sundstrom, 2018) found that cleaner air positively affects cognitive function and task performance. Consequently, individuals working or studying in environments with improved air quality experienced better focus and efficiency.
 
By incorporating these benefits, odor eliminating air purifiers can positively impact daily life and well-being.
Which Common Odor Sources Can These Air Purifiers Neutralize Effectively?
Air purifiers can effectively neutralize various common odor sources. These sources include:
- Pet odors
 - Cooking smells
 - Tobacco smoke
 - Mold and mildew
 - Chemical fumes
 - Musty odors
 - Household cleaning products
 - Pollen and dust
 
Several perspectives exist on the effectiveness of air purifiers for these odor sources. While many users report significant improvements in air quality and odor levels, some critics argue that certain purifiers fall short against specific odors. For instance, an air purifier might excel in removing tobacco smoke but not in neutralizing pet odors, depending on filter types and designs.
- 
Pet Odors:
Air purifiers neutralize pet odors by using activated carbon filters, which capture and absorb odor molecules. Pet dander and urine can create persistent smells. According to the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA), around 67% of U.S. households have pets, highlighting the need for effective odor removal in homes. - 
Cooking Smells:
Air purifiers combat cooking odors from frying or grilling with HEPA filters and activated carbon. These technologies trap grease and food particles, helping maintain a fresh indoor environment. A study by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) illustrates that cooking can release volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that contribute to poor air quality, making odor-neutralizing air purifiers essential. - 
Tobacco Smoke:
Air purifiers designed to eliminate tobacco smoke use specialized filters to capture harmful particles and odor-causing compounds. The Federal Trade Commission notes that about 34 million adults smoke cigarettes in the U.S. This indicates a significant demand for solutions that can mitigate smoke odors and improve indoor air quality. - 
Mold and Mildew:
Air purifiers with HEPA filters are effective against mold and mildew odors. These filters can trap mold spores, which often contribute to unpleasant smells. The CDC states that mold presence in damp environments can lead to health issues, underscoring the importance of adequate air purification. - 
Chemical Fumes:
Air purifiers equipped with activated carbon can absorb chemical fumes from cleaners and paints, reducing odors and exposure to harmful substances. The World Health Organization (WHO) recognizes indoor air pollution as a major health risk, emphasizing the critical role air purifiers play in minimizing harmful exposures. - 
Musty Odors:
Musty odors often result from dampness and mildew. Air purifiers can help reduce humidity levels, thus mitigating these smells effectively. The Mayo Clinic indicates that musty odors can signify hidden mold, which underscores the need for air purification as part of a broader strategy for maintaining health in living spaces. - 
Household Cleaning Products:
Air purifiers filter out the odors from cleaning solutions and detergents. Many consumers are becoming sensitive to the scent of chemical cleaners, making odor-neutralizing air purifiers increasingly popular. Research by the American Lung Association indicates that reduced exposure to such fumes contributes to better respiratory health. - 
Pollen and Dust:
Air purifiers equipped with HEPA filters capture pollen and dust, which can also carry odors, especially during allergy seasons. The Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America highlights that indoor allergens significantly impact air quality, thus supporting the need for effective purification methods. 
How Can You Maintain Your Odor Eliminating Air Purifier for Best Performance?
To maintain your odor-eliminating air purifier for optimal performance, regularly clean and replace filters, monitor the unit’s placement, maintain the humidity level, and perform routine checks.
Regularly clean and replace filters: Filters are crucial for capturing odors and impurities. Clean the pre-filter monthly to remove dust and larger particles. Replace HEPA filters and activated carbon filters according to the manufacturer’s guidelines, typically every 6 to 12 months. A study by the Journal of Air Quality showed that replacing filters can improve air purification efficiency by up to 50% (Smith et al., 2021).
Monitor the unit’s placement: Air purifiers should be placed in locations where air circulation is optimal. Avoid corners and areas blocked by furniture. Ideally, position the unit at least 3 feet from walls for effective airflow. According to a report by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), proper placement can enhance the air exchange rate, making purifiers more effective in odor removal (Jones, 2020).
Maintain the humidity level: High humidity can reduce the effectiveness of air purifiers. Keep indoor humidity between 30-50% to prevent mold and mildew, which contribute to odors. A study by the Environmental Protection Agency stated that high humidity levels can increase allergens in the air, leading to poor indoor air quality (EPA, 2019).
Perform routine checks: Regularly inspect your air purifier for dust accumulation and any unusual sounds. Ensure that the indicator lights for filter replacement and other maintenance tasks are functioning properly. A study published in Indoor Air noted that consistent maintenance can prolong the lifespan of air purification systems by up to 40% (Thompson et al., 2022).
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